Safety pharmacology studies aim to predict the clinical safety of potential drug candidates based on a set of harmonized preclinical experiments designed to evaluate pharmacological effects on vital body functions (ICH S7A Guidelines). For the respiratory system, the current practice is to look at the effect of novel therapeutic agents in conscious animals, predominately rodents. In such studies, there is a preference for conscious respiratory function measurements as they fully encompass all aspects of the respiratory system’s function (i.e. the nervous, muscular and gas exchange components), thus providing physiologically-relevant and translational outcomes.
The non-invasive double chamber plethysmograph is a proven way to study pulmonary function in restrained, conscious animals. This technique has become the current industry standard as subjects are spontaneously breathing and are free of any effects of anaesthesia or other influences. Due to a seal around the restraint, a distinction can be made between the nasal and thoracic cavities, providing true respiratory flow measurements that comply with ICH S7A Guidelines.
Health risks to inhaled novel therapeutic agents are typically evaluated in preclinical inhalation studies. These studies are frequently conducted using large scale exposure platforms with large numbers of subjects and important quantities of test material. The inExpose, a compact precision inhalation exposure system, offers investigators an alternative to run small scale studies to evaluate a reduced number of subjects, narrow experimental conditions or endpoints, or minimize compound requirements. Due to its small internal volumes, the inExpose reaches target concentrations quickly using reduced quantities of test material in a standard laboratory environment. Particulate monitoring devices can be incorporated for quantitative, qualitative, or semi-quantitative readings of the density of suspended particulates to compare one experiment to the next.
While the regulatory guidelines require that respiratory safety pharmacology studies be conducted in conscious subjects, changes in the parameters typically monitored (respiratory rate, tidal volume, minute ventilation) may not necessarily reflect direct pharmacological effects on the respiratory system. Effects on other systems (central nervous or cardiovascular system) can indirectly affect the respiratory function and the ventilatory parameters monitored. The information needed for a clear assessment of direct pharmacological effects on the respiratory system can be obtained with the flexiVent, which utilizes a more invasive technique and controls the experimental environment during measurements. This offers highly reproducible, detailed outcomes that go beyond the standard safety respiratory endpoints, which can help eliminate false positives early on. The concurrent use of the flexiVent in safety pharmacology studies can provide valuable insights on respiratory mechanisms or novel therapeutic agents, which can fast-track the necessary regulatory process leading to clinical trials.
Dr. Ian Davis is a Principal Investigator and Professor at The Ohio State University. Research in the Davis lab is focused on the effects of influenza A infections on alveolar epithelial cell function in a mouse model of influenza induced ARDS. Learn more about his lab and research in this interview!
Dr. Oakes and Dr. Bellini research focuses on the pulmonary and cardiovascular consequences of inhaled cannabis. This group is at the forefront of preclinical respiratory research for cannabis. We were lucky enough to sit down with them and get their thoughts on the current state and future of cannabis-related cardiopulmonary research.
There has been much progress in identifying relevant in vitro and in vivo modelling for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development and therapeutic intervention. Learn more about the current research, as preclinical infectious disease researchers delve into the advantages and disadvantages of various SARS-CoV-2 animal models.
Save time evaluating SCIREQ equipment by having a SCIREQ Application Specialist conduct a custom
literature research. Researchers will receive an email report showing SCIREQ publications relevant to their specific application research area, along with custom equipment recommendations and commentary.