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Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are gaining in popularity in recent years. As a broad overview, an ENDS unit is
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are gaining in popularity in recent years. As a broad overview, an ENDS unit is
COVID-19 has rapidly spread throughout the world and was declared a pandemic in March of 2020. Currently, there is no clinically validated treatment or vaccine for COVID-19.
Rett syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disease resulting from a loss of function mutation in MeCP2; an epigenetic modulator of transcription regulation
Since COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic in March 2020, a massive wave of mobilization has been seen from various companies and organizations at different fronts
State of cannabis research Since the recent legalization of recreational cannabis, there is an increased interest in research into both the pulmonary effects of inhaled cannabis, as well as improving our understanding of the endocannabinoid
Traditional submerged cell culture techniques have well-known limitations for aerosol exposure studies; for instance, the impact of exposure dilution within the media and the poor solubility/sedimentation of some exposure particles1. Air liquid interface (ALI) cultures are a technique whereby cells are grown on a microporous membrane insert, immersed in a media-containing well.
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) are conditions commonly affecting high-intensity athletes such as competitive swimmers.AHR and EIB in athletes have been well defined, however, studies focusing on immunological relevance in symptom onset may prove useful in developing preventative measures.
The impact of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure on the respiratory system can best be captured by evaluating changes in lung function coupled with assessments of morphology and structural composition. These measurements are both quantitative and can capture the extent of disease severity such as degree, pattern, and location of tissue destruction.
Traditional submerged cell culture techniques have well-known limitations for aerosol exposure studies; for instance, the impact of exposure dilution within the media and the poor solubility/sedimentation of some exposure particles1. Air liquid interface (ALI) cultures are a technique whereby cells are grown on a microporous membrane insert, immersed in a media-containing well.
Isolated tissue baths, also known as organ chambers, are tools that have been used in the discipline of pharmacology for over 150 years to evaluate tissues contractility and relaxation response upon exposure to stimuli including the addition of various agonists1. This technique was used in one of the most breakthrough scientific findings in 1980 when the endothelium pioneers, Furchgott and Zawadski, discovered the signalling molecule nitric oxide in the cardiovascular system2 for which they were awarded the 1998 Nobel Price in physiology.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the lungs that has been a major public health problem, and has been the third leading cause of death worldwide. A large proportion of COPD deaths (~75%) are linked to tobacco smoking, which is now the primary risk factor in the development of the disease.
The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for a rapid development of therapeutic approaches to treat respiratory diseases. Yet, respiratory therapeutic candidates have until now displayed a low success rate . As a result, development times are long and only a few novel mechanism respiratory therapeutic entities have been introduced over the last decades.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous lung disease that is associated with exposure to inhaled irritants such as cigarette smoke and environmental pollutants. COPD is marked by airway inflammation and emphysema, leading to airflow obstruction and respiratory failure. The pathway to the development of COPD is yet to be fully understood but long-term inflammation is thought to be one of the main drivers.
There has been incredible scientific effort and progress over the past two years geared at the protection and treatment of COVID-19. In this blog, we will highlight some significant recent advances in SARS-CoV-2 preclinical modelling, which use the inExpose to deliver inhaled target compounds and the flexiVent to characterize a full pulmonary function profile.
Dual vaccination against IL-4 and IL-13 using kinoids (a conjugate vaccine) is one of the therapeutic strategies suggested to neutralize the response induced by this type 2 inflammation. In recent studies by Conde et al 2021, House Dust Mite (HDM)-treated mice, which exhibit key characteristics of human chronic asthma, were used to test prophylactic and therapeutic dual vaccination efficiency in this allergic mouse model.
Assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is considered the gold standard in experimental asthma models. In their recent publication, Dr. Steele and colleagues’ objective was to shed light on the immunopathogenic role of CX3CL1/Fractalkine because of its elevated levels in fungal-sensitized asthmatics.
All research model systems have unique strengths and challenges regarding the generalizability of data to other systems. Pre-clinical researchers attempt to describe and interact with human clinical phenotypes using animal models. These models allow manipulation and testing of scientific hypotheses within the context of a complex system, providing insights that may be impossible using in vivo methods or within the constraints of clinical interventions.
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